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Flanking either side of the Rotunda and extending down the
length of the lawn are 10 "pavilions" interspersed
with student rooms. Each pavilion has its own architectural
style, as well as its own walled garden, separated by uniquely
Jeffersonian "serpentine walls." Today the grounds
of the University are a UNESCO World Heritage site, sharing
the honor with the likes of Versailles and the Great Wall
of China.
The University, unlike many other Southern schools, stayed
open through the American Civil War. In March 1865, Union
General George Armstrong Custer marched troops into Charlottesville.
Faculty and community leaders convinced him to spare the University.
Union troops camped on the Lawn and ravaged many of the Pavilions
but, without any bloodshed, left four days later.
On October 27, 1895, the school's Rotunda Annex burned to
the ground (Unfortunately with the help of a zealous faculty
member who attempted to save the Rotunda by using dynamite
to separate it from the main fire. The last-ditch idea unfortunately
failed). University officials swiftly approached celebrity
architect Stanford White to rebuild the Rotunda. White took
the charge further, redesigning the Rotunda interior, adding
three buildings to the foot of the Lawn, and designing a President's
House.
For more than one hundred years, the University of Virginia
had been all white and all male. The first women to enroll
at the University were students in the nursing school, which
opened in 1900. It was not until 1920 that the University
agreed that women over twenty years of age could enroll in
graduate programs outside of nursing. Not until 1970, though,
under the pressure of a pending federal court suit filed by
four female high school seniors, did the College of Arts &
Sciences accept women freely into first-year classes, making
the University of Virginia fully coeducational.
Supported by the NAACP, African American lawyer Gregory Swanson
sought and won admission to the University's law program in
1950. In 1951 Walter N. Ridley left his position as a psychology
professor at Virginia State University and soon became the
first African-American graduate of the University, receiving
a doctorate in education in 1953. (Current head of the NAACP,
Julian Bond has taught at the University since 1990.)
In 1976, in concert with the bicentennial of the United States,
the Rotunda was returned to Jefferson's original design. Renovated
according to plans from the 1800s, a three-story Rotunda opened
on Jefferson's birthday, April 13, 1976. To commemorate the
anniversary of America's independence, Britain's Queen Elizabeth
II strolled the University of Virginia Lawn and lunched in
the Dome Room of the Rotunda, one of five American sites she
visited publicly.
In 1993, U.S. News and World Report ranked the University
as America's best public university. Earning the honor of
best public university eight times since, it has remained
near the top of that list.
In 2001, John Kluge donated 7,378 acres (30 km²) of additional
lands to the University. Much of this gift was sold by the
University with Kluge's permission to musician Dave Matthews.
Proceeds from this and other sales will help pay for improvements
on the core of the gift.
Student life at UVA is marked by a number of unique traditions
that set the University apart from other American colleges.
The campus of the University is referred to as "the Grounds,"
and seniors, juniors, sophomores and freshmen are instead
called Fourth, Third, Second and First Years. A number of
benevolent, secret societies, from the 7 Society to the Z
Society, have operated at the University for decades, leaving
painted marks on buildings which they help to fund.
The ideas of student governance, left from the school's Jeffersonian
roots, still hold strong at UVA. The Honor System originated
at UVA in the late 19th century, and is still run by student
elected officials, with student juries.
The University's sports teams are called the Cavaliers; this
mascot is a mounted swordsman referring to a time when Virginia
earned its name, the "Old Dominion." The Commonwealth
was a hotbed for royalists to the crown, called cavaliers
in the days of the English Civil War. An unofficial moniker,
the Wahoos (or Hoos for short), is also commonly used. Though
primarily used by only the student body, both terms (Wahoos
and Hoos) have become fairly well-used in the media as well.
UVA's teams participate in the Atlantic Coast Conference.
Its men's basketball team has twice been to the Final Four,
and its football team has twice been honored as ACC Champions.
In recent years, the University's strongest sports have been
Soccer and Lacrosse, both winning numerous NCAA championships
in the past ten years. UVA soccer won four consecutive national
championships, and the lacrosse team was national champions
in 1999 and 2003.
The University also offers numerous special scholars programs.
Among these the most prestigious is the Echols Scholars Program,
which offers students the "keys" to the university
in the form of priority course registration, special advisors
and special dorms. The Engineering School equivalent is the
Rodman Scholars program.
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